Peptide and protein microarray immunoprofiling for complex vaccines and biologics

We help vaccine and biologic teams generate clearer, more actionable insights into immune responses. Using advanced peptide and protein microarrays, we capture thousands of antibody binding patterns from small volumes of serum samples.Our integrated machine learning and AI approaches translate these complex immunoprofiling data into practical predictions, such as early immunogenicity signals, response durability and antigen prioritisation.This helps de‑risk your pipeline and speed better decisions, especially for challenging multi‑component or bacterial vaccines and complex biologics.

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ImmunoSig Ltd. is a company incorporated in England and Wales.
Company No. 16642090, VAT No. GB 510 1556 40.
3rd Floor 86-90 Paul Street, London, EC2A 4NE
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Our biologic & vaccine immunoprofiling platformHow It Works: From Sample to Insight

Peptide microarray services workflow demonstrating steps for accurate immunogenicity assessment.

How It Works: Biologic formulation package

Peptide microarray technology used for high-throughput epitope mapping services.

How It Works: Immunoprofiling package

Peptide microarray technology used for high-throughput epitope mapping services.

About ImmunoSig Ltd.

ImmunoSig Ltd was founded by experienced academic and industry scientists with deep expertise in vaccine immunology, protein microarrays and biologics development. Our team has led projects with global vaccine institutes, industry partners and major funders, and we bring that experience directly into our CRO work.

Prof. Jeremy Derrick, Co-Founder: Expert in vaccine development and antibody characterisation services.

Prof. Jeremy Derrick
Co-Founder

Jeremy obtained his first degree and PhD from the University of Cambridge. He was appointed a Lecturer at UMIST in Manchester in 1993 and was a Lister Institute Fellow from 1996 to 2001. He joined the University of Manchester in 2003, when the two universities merged. He has worked extensively on protein structure and function, publishing more than 130 peer-reviewed papers. He has served on multiple grant panels, and is continually requested to act as a reviewer for major scientific journals. More recently, he has applied his extensive commercial experience to projects in immunoprofiling, vaccine development, and biologic formulation

Fidel Ramirez Bencomo expert in vaccine development and antibody characterisation services.

Dr Fidel Ramirez Bencomo
Co-founder

Fidel graduated in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology from the University of Havana and earned a PhD in Microbiology from the University of Manchester. With over 10 years’ experience, he specialises in monoclonal antibody production, diagnostic assay development, and protein microarrays. Fidel’s work at the Finlay Vaccine Institute (Cuba) and in the University of Manchester focuses on immunoprofiling, epitope mapping, and vaccine development. He has led projects supported by GSK and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and has presented at major conferences and published numerous peer-reviewed papers.

Discuss your immunoprofiling needs

Ready to plan a vaccine immunoprofiling or biologics immunogenicity study? Share a few details about your project, and we’ll suggest how peptide and protein microarrays could support your next decision point.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is your immunoprofiling analysis and how does it differ from traditional approaches?
Our immunoprofiling looks at the full pattern of immune responses across hundreds or thousands of antigens at once. Traditional methods usually test just 5-10 hand-picked ones. We use peptide and protein microarray technology, combined with machine learning, to screen a carefully selected set of antigens and reveal which ones could drive protective immunity, especially in complex vaccines and bacterial infections with 2,000+ potential targets.
What services do you offer?
We focus on three main areas:

Complex Vaccine Immunoprofiling – Pinpointing antigen combinations in multi-component and whole-cell vaccines that could generate protective responses

Bacterial Infection Profiling – Mapping immune responses to complex bacterial pathogens with hundreds of antigens

Machine Learning-Enhanced Analysis – Our advanced ML tools spot hidden antigen interactions and predict synergistic combinations

Every project includes full bioinformatics support and clear data packages to help refine your hypotheses.
How long does a project take?
We design and produce custom microarrays for each project, no off-the-shelf panels. Timelines vary depending on complexity (array design, printing, QC, and analysis).

Tell us about your needs, and we'll give you a realistic estimate tailored to your design and goals.
What sample volume and type do you need?
We keep requirements low to save your valuable samples:

Serum/Plasma: 10-20 μL per sample
Purified antibodies: 10-50 μg (depending on affinity)
Cell culture supernatants: 100-200 μL

We accept serum, plasma, CSF, and purified antibodies, either fresh or frozen. We'll send clear preparation guidelines when we start.
What quality standards do you follow?
We maintain strict research-grade quality controls:

• Full documentation and audit trails
• Standardized protocols with built-in controls
• Statistical reports plus raw data in multiple formats
• In-depth bioinformatics insights

Note: Our work supports discovery and hypothesis generation. For regulatory or clinical use, you'll need to validate through your own compliant processes.
How does your approach compare to traditional antigen screening?
Our microarray immunoprofiling has clear advantages:

Scale: Screen 100+ antigens vs. 5–10 traditionally

Unbiased discovery: Finds unexpected protective antigens

Sample efficiency: Just 10-20 μL vs. mL for multiple ELISAs

Combination insights: Machine Learning (ML) reveals synergistic antigens

Cost: Much lower per antigen tested

Targeted assays are still great for validation, but we're unmatched for complex antigen discovery.
Can you help with complex vaccine projects?
Yes, that's our sweet spot. We support:

• Optimizing multi-component vaccines (include/exclude decisions)
• Characterizing whole-cell vaccines
• Selecting bacterial antigens from full proteomes
• Guiding combination vaccine formulations
• Spotting synergistic or redundant antigens
• Diagnostic panel development

Our ML analysis turns guesswork into data-driven choices.
How does machine learning improve your analysis?
Raw data shows reactive antigens, but the real questions are harder: Which ones work together? Which combinations predict protection?

Our ML models:

• Find combinations linked to outcomes
• Detect non-linear interactions
• Predict optimal antigen sets
• Separate protective from non-protective patterns
• Handle cross-reactivity

We make complex data truly actionable.
How are you different from other microarray providers?
We use similar peptide/protein microarray platforms but go further with advanced machine learning.

Standard output: "Here are hundreds of reactive antigens"

Our output: "Here are the key antigen combinations that correlate with protection - ranked, with synergy insights"

What sets us apart:
1. ML-driven combination analysis
2. Focus on complex, multi-antigen vaccines
3. Deep vaccine development experience on our team
How do I get started?
It's straightforward:

1. Book a quick consultation call (15-30 min) to discuss your goals

2. We'll send a detailed proposal (design, timeline, deliverables, pricing) within a few days

3. Approve and we start array production

4. Get comprehensive results with figures ready for presentations or publications

Contact us today - we're happy to chat.
What vaccines and pathogens do you work with?
We're especially helpful for complex cases:

• Whole-cell bacterial vaccines (meningitis, gonorrhoeae, pertussis, typhoid, cholera, etc.)
• Multi-component combinations
• TB candidates
• Bacterial immunology (Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, E. coli, etc.)
• Parasites, fungi, veterinary vaccines
• Diagnostic antigen discovery

If you're wondering which antigens actually matter out of hundreds - we're here to help.
Can you handle confidential sequences?
Absolutely. We regularly work with proprietary antibodies, unpublished antigens, and sensitive biologics. All projects include robust confidentiality agreements, and we can adapt to special security needs.

Launch webinar

In our launch webinar we showed how our peptide and protein microarray platform delivers detailed immunoprofiles for vaccines and biologics. Request the recording to see example study designs and data outputs

Our Immunoprofiling Services

We provide specialised immunoprofiling services built around high‑density peptide and protein microarrays. Our platform is designed for vaccine and biologics teams who need more than standard ELISAs or a single titer readout. By capturing detailed epitope‑level antibody responses, we help you understand breadth, specificity and cross‑reactivity in a way that directly supports decision‑making in development.

Vaccine Immunoprofiling

We characterise humoral immune responses to complex vaccines using high-density peptide and protein microarrays. Our platform maps antibody epitope specificity, cross-reactivity, and response breadth across viral and bacterial antigens, including OMV, mRNA, viral vector, and multi-component vaccine platforms.

Peer-reviewed and published in Nature Communications (2024), Vaccine (2025), PLoS Pathogens (2024) and Journal of Infectious Diseases (2025).

Biologics Immunogenicity Profiling

We use peptide and protein microarrays to identify immunogenic epitopes, characterise anti-drug antibody responses, and assess comparability following manufacturing or formulation changes. This supports early immunogenicity risk assessment for monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, and other complex biologics.

Applying established peptide and protein microarray methodology to immunogenicity assessment for therapeutic antibodies and complex biologics.

Biologic Formulation Profiling

We use peptide microarrays to quickly profile how therapeutic antibodies and other biologics perform under various formulation conditions, including buffer type, pH, salt concentration, and excipients. Machine learning analysis of binding fingerprints identifies the best formulation options and predicts stability indicators such as aggregation temperature and self-association, using only microgram quantities of material.

Peer-reviewed and published in Molecular Pharmaceutics (2021).

Immunosignature Discovery

Using high-density peptide and protein microarrays combined with machine learning, we develop immunosignatures, which are patterns of antibody binding that correlate with protection, efficacy, or immunogenicity risk. This systems-level approach offers insights into vaccine and biologic responses that single-antigen assays cannot reveal.

Applied in the characterisation of antigenic diversity and epitope-level immune responses across pathogen populations (mBio, 2025).

Our Platform in Peer-Reviewed Science

ImmunoSig's founders have developed and validated this platform through peer-reviewed studies published in leading journals in collaboration with GSK, the University of Oxford, the FDA, the NIH, and the Wellcome Trust.

Nature Communications · 2024

Profiling IgG and IgA antibody responses during vaccination and natural infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae using antigen microarrays. Wellcome Trust-funded clinical study in Kenya in collaboration with the University of Oxford and KEMRI.

Stejskal, Thistlethwaite, Ramirez-Bencomo et al. → View on PubMed

PLoS Pathogens · 2024

Tackling immunosuppression by Neisseria gonorrhoeae to improve vaccine design, using microarray profiling to characterise how engineered OMV compositions reshape antibody responses and antigen recognition breadth.

Jones, Ramirez-Bencomo et al. → View on PubMed

Vaccine · 2025

Identification of immunogenic outer membrane vesicle antigens in the licensed meningococcal vaccine Bexsero® using protein microarray profiling of sera from a GSK phase II clinical trial.

Ramirez-Bencomo et al. → View on PubMed

mBio · 2025

Investigating genetic, antigenic and structural diversity of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae outer membrane across 22,000+ isolates, using microarray-based immune response mapping to identify conserved and variable epitopes for vaccine design.

Harrison, Ramirez-Bencomo et al. → View on PubMed

Journal of Infectious Diseases · 2025

Evaluation of immunisation route in induction of vaccine-mediated anti-gonococcal immune responses in a murine model of ascending infection — characterising IgG, IgA and opsonophagocytic activity using antigen microarrays.

Matthias, Ramirez-Bencomo et al. → View on PubMed

Molecular Pharmaceutics · 2021

Use of peptide microarrays for fast and informative profiling of therapeutic antibody formulation conditions — demonstrating that binding fingerprints combined with machine learning can predict aggregation temperature, self-association and stability indicators from microgram quantities of material.

Austerberry, Derrick et al. → View on PubMed